海南长寿人群长寿影响因素分析及康养研究启示

Analysis of factors affecting longevity of long-lived populations in Hainan and implications for health preservation research

中文关键词: 百岁老人    长寿队列    长寿人群    系统综述    人均预期寿命

英文关键词: centenarianslongevity cohortlong-lived populationsystematic reviewlife expectancy per capita

中文摘要:

      目的 本研究整合国内外长寿队列证据，识别海南长寿人群长寿关键影响因素，提出适配本地特征的康养研究路径。方法 系统检索中国知网、万方、Web of Science、PubMed等数据库(自建库至2025年5月)，纳入≥80岁海南人群队列，采用横断面研究设计，剔除无原始数据综述、会议摘要等文献;经双人独立筛选、Kappa一致性检验、文献质量评价后，最终纳入11篇文献开展整合分析。结果 叉头框蛋白O3、载脂蛋白E为核心长寿调控基因，海南百岁群体存在家族长寿聚集及特异性衰老保护表型。端粒、肠道菌群等生物标志物、高海产品低红肉膳食、规律运动、优良热带富硒生态、完善社会医疗支持均为长寿保护因素，饮酒与长寿关联结论存在异质性。国内外研究核心结论一致，但遗传、饮食、环境存在明显地域差异，现有研究存在样本分层不足、发表偏倚等局限。结论 长寿由遗传、代谢、生活方式、生态与社会保障协同调控。依托海南热带长寿资源，未来需从长寿遗传规律解析、本土化分析模型构建、智能康养伦理管控、多层级区域对比、全链条康养干预体系建设5大方向深化研究，为区域老年健康政策与康养产业提供实证支撑。

英文摘要:

      Objective The study synthesizes evidence from longevity cohorts both in China and abroad,identifies the key determinants of longevity among the Hainan population,and proposes a research framework for health and wellness that is adapted to the region's specific features.Methods Databases including CNKI,Wanfang,Web of Science,and PubMed were systematically searched(from database inception to May 2025).Cohort studies and cross-sectional studies involving the Hainan population aged≥80 years were included,and reviews without original data,conference abstracts,and other such literature were excluded.After independent screening by two reviewers,Kappa consistency testing,and literature quality assessment,11 articles were ultimately included for integrative analysis.Results Forkhead box protein and apolipoprotein E were core longevity-regulating genes.The Hainan centenarian population exhibited familial longevity clustering and specific aging-protective phenotypes.Biomarkers such as telomeres and gut microbiota,a high-seafood/low-red-meat diet,regular physical activity,a favorable tropical selenium-rich ecology,and comprehensive social and medical support were all protective factors for longevity.The association between alcohol consumption and longevity showed heterogeneity in conclusions.The core conclusions of domestic and international research were consistent,but there were significant regional differences in genetics,diet,and environment.Current studies had limitations,including insufficient sample stratification and publication bias.Conclusion Longevity is synergistically regulated by genetics,metabolism,lifestyle,ecology,and social security.Leveraging Hainan's tropical longevity resources,future research should focus on five major directions:elucidating the genetic rules of longevity,constructing localized analytical models,managing intelligent preservation ethics,conducting multi-level regional comparisons,and building a full-chain preservation intervention system.This will provide empirical support for the regional ageing-related health policies and health preservation industry.