上海市中老年女性绝经相关症状及绝经相关知识认知现状调查

A survey of menopausal-related symptoms and menopausal-related knowledge cognition among middle-aged and elderly women in Shanghai

中文关键词: 中老年  绝经过渡期  绝经后期  绝经综合征  激素补充治疗

英文关键词: middle-aged and elderly  perimenopause  postmenopause  menopausal syndrome  hormone replacement therapy

中文摘要:

      目的 了解上海市40 岁以上中老年女性绝经相关症状的发生情况及对绝经相关知识的认知现状,为加强绝经过渡期及绝经后期女性健康保健及管理工作提供参考.方法 2021 年1 月—2021 年12 月,随机选择上海市年龄≥40 岁的女性进行问卷调查,并以改良Kupperman评分量表评估其绝经相关症状发生情况.结果 共收调查问卷5 441 份,其中有效问卷5 200 份,有效率95.57%.受调查人群平均年龄为(51.7±7.0)岁,平均身高(160.42±5.07)cm,平均体质量(58.94±8.01)kg,平均BMI(22.55±2.75)kg/m2.出现绝经综合征者达77%,其中重度占10.15%,中度占34.37%,绝经综合征的主要症状报告率居前五位的依次为疲乏,易激动,肌肉、骨关节痛,失眠和头痛.23.03%～36.55%对绝经相关知识认识不清或存在错误认知,41.63%的调查对象不知道绝经激素治疗;46.31%调查对象不接受绝经激素治疗;48.23%不会推荐身边的适龄女性或者亲友进行绝经激素治疗;影响受调查人群接受激素治疗的主要原因中依次是不了解安全性和有效性(66.60%)与激素治疗的风险(45.94%)等.结论 40 岁以上女性中绝经综合征的报告率较高,但在一定程度上存在认知缺乏,尤其是对激素补充治疗;不了解安全性和有效性与激素治疗的风险是影响接受激素治疗的主要原因,加强科普宣教和健康管理非常重要.

英文摘要:

      Objective To investigate the occurrence of menopausal-related symptoms and cognition status of menopaus-al-related knowledge among middle-aged and elderly women aged 40 years old and above in Shanghai,and provide reference for strengthening the health care and management of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.Methods From January 2021 to December 2021,women aged≥40 years in Shanghai were randomly selected to conduct a questionnaire survey,and the occurrence of their menopausal-related symptoms was assessed by the Modified Kupperman Score Scale.Results A total of 5 441 survey questionnaires were collected,of which5 200 were valid,with an effective rate of 95.57% .The mean age of the respondents was(51.7±7.0)years old,the mean height was(160.42±5.07)cm,the mean body mass was(58.94±8.01)kg,and the mean BMI was(22.55±2.75)kg/m2.The incidence of menopausal syndrome reached 77% ,of which 10.15% were severe and 34.37% were moderate.The top five main symptoms of menopausal syndrome were fatigue,excita-ble,muscle and bone pain,insomnia and headache.23.03% —36.55% of the respondents had unclear or wrong knowledge about menopause,and 41.63% did not know menopausal hormone therapy;46.31% did not receive menopausal hormone ther-apy;48.23% would not recommend menopausal hormone therapy to women of appropriate age or relatives and friends around them.The main reasons that affected the acceptance of hormone therapy by respondents were lack of understanding of safety and efficacy(66.60% )and the risk of hormone therapy(45.94% ).Conclusion The reported rate of menopausal syndrome is higher in women over 40 years old,but there is a certain lack of cognition,especially for hormone replacement therapy.The lack of understanding of safety and efficacy,as well as the risks of hormone therapy,are the main reasons affecting the acceptance of hormone therapy.Therefore,it is very important to strengthen popular science education and health management.