12周有氧训练联合弹力带抗阻训练对老年肌少症体成分、肌力、躯体功能和肺功能的影响

Effects of 12 week aerobic training combined with elastic band resistance training on body composition,muscle strength,phys-ical function and lung function in elderly patients with sarcopenia

中文关键词: 老年  肌少症  有氧训练  抗阻训练  骨骼肌质量  肌力  肺功能

英文关键词: elderly  sarcopenia  aerobic training  resistance training  skeletal muscle mass  muscle strength  lung function

中文摘要:

      目的 通过对住院老年肌少症患者中进行中等有氧训练联合弹力带抗阻训练,观察12 周强化训练及停止训练12 周后对老年肌少症患者体成分、肌力、躯体功能及肺功能的影响.方法 选择2022 年1 月—2022 年12 月收治于上海市第四康复医院呼吸康复科及综合康复科老年肌少症58 例住院患者并完成了全程随访,按随机数字法分为联合组(n =29)和有氧组(n =29),有氧组在常规康复训练基础上附加中等强度有氧训练,联合组在有氧组基础上联合弹力带抗阻训练,12 周强化训练后停止训练12 周,但维持训练前的日常生活方式、饮食及体育活动.比较 2 组在训练前、12 周训练后、12 周停止训练后的体成分、肌力、躯体功能及肺功能的变化.采用了两因素重复测量的方法.结果 与训练前相比,12 周强化训练后,联合组在ASM、握力、伸膝肌肌力、6 米步速、5 次起坐时间及FVC、FVC%pred、FEV1 指标上的显著改善与有氧组相当(P＞0.05),联合组较有氧组ASMI改善更显著(P＜0.05).停止训练 12 周后,2 组前述指标表现均显著较12 周强化训练后差(P＜0.05),除外联合组在FVC%pred与12 周后相比无差异(P＞0.05),联合组ASMI、握力、伸膝肌肌力在停止训练12 周后的水平仍显著高于训练前(P＜0.05),且显著高于有氧组(P＜0.05).结论 12 周中等强度有氧训练联合弹力带抗阻训练可显著改善老年肌少症患者的肌肉量、肌力和部分肺功能参数,在停止训练12 周后该疗效仍在持续,但较训练后显著或不显著的降低并不能被日常饮食及体育活动弥补.

英文摘要:

      Objective To conduct moderate aerobic training combined with elastic band resistance training on hospital-ized elderly patients with sarcopenia,and observe the effects of 12 weeks of intensive training and 12 weeks of cessation of training on body composition,muscle strength,physical function,and lung function in elderly patients with sarcopenia.Methods 58 hospitalized elderly patients with sarcopenia admitted to Department of Respiratory Rehabilitation and Department of Comprehensive Rehabilitation of Fourth Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai City from January 2022 to December 2022 were selected and followed up throughout the entire process.They were divided into combined group(n =29)and aerobic group(n =29)according to random number method.The aerobic group receives moderate intensity aerobic training in addition to conventional rehabilitation training.The combined group received resistance training with elastic band on the basis of the aero-bic group.After 12 weeks of intensive training,the training was stopped for 12 weeks,but their daily lifestyle,diet and physi-cal activity before the training were maintained.The changes in body composition,muscle strength,physical function and lung function of the two groups were compared before training,after 12 weeks of training and after 12 weeks of cessation of training.The method of two-way repeated measurement was used.Results Compared with before training,after 12 weeks of intensive training,both groups showed similar improvements in ASM,grip strength,knee extensor muscle strength,6-meter gait speed,5-sit-to-stand test time,FVC,FVC%pred and FEV1(P＞0.05),the combined group showed more significant improvement in ASMI than the aerobic group(P＜0.05).After 12 weeks of cessation of training,the performance of the above indexes in both groupswas significantly worse than that after12 weeks of intensive training(P＜0.05).Excluding FVC%pred,the levels of ASMI,grip strength and knee extensor muscle strength of the combined group after 12 weeks of cessation of training were sig-nificantly higher than those of the same group before 12 weeks of training(P＜0.05),and significantly higher than those of the aerobic group at the same time(P＜0.05).Conclusion 12 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic training combined with elastic band resistance training can significantly improve muscle mass,muscle strength and some lung function parameters in elderly patients with sarcopenia,and these effects can continue 12 weeks after cessation of training.But the significant or non-signifi-cant decrease after training cannot be compensated for by daily diet and sports activities.