老年白内障风险因素调查及健康宣教对白内障手术后患者的影响分析

Investigation of risk factors for cataracts in the elderly and analysis of effects of health education on patients after cataract surgery

中文关键词: 老年  白内障  风险因素  健康宣教  生活质量  IOL术  相关性

英文关键词: elderly  cataract  risk factor  health education  quality of life  IOL surgery  correlation

中文摘要:

      目的 观察老年白内障风险因素及健康宣教应用于人工晶状体(IOL)术后对患者的影响.方法 2019年6月—2024年6月,选取长治市人民医院老年白内障手术患者600例为研究组,另选600例无眼部疾病者为对照组,分析白内障危险因素.将研究组随机分为常规干预组与健康宣教组,每组300例.2组均采用左氧氟沙星滴眼液治疗,常规干预组患者采用常规干预方法,健康宣教组患者在与常规干预组相同处理的基础上加用健康宣教干预方法.比较2组生活质量、不良情绪、依从性及并发症.结果 多因素分析发现,年龄、日照时间、糖尿病史、体力活动、生活环境、高度近视、高血压、收入均与老年白内障有相关性(P＜0.05);术后3个月,健康宣教组LVQOL量表评分高于常规干预组(P＜0.05),健康宣教组SAS、SDS评分均低于常规干预组(P＜0.05);健康宣教组依从率高于常规干预组(P＜0.05);并发症低于常规干预组(P＜0.05).结论 老年白内障风险因素可能包括年龄、日照、糖尿病、体力活动等;术后健康宣教有助于提高IOL手术患者生活质量,改善不良情绪,提高依从性,减少并发症发生.

英文摘要:

      Objective To investigate the risk factors for cataracts in the elderly and observe the effects of health educa-tion on patients after intraocular lens(IOL)implantation surgery.Methods From June 2019 to June 2024,600 elderly pa-tients undergoing cataract surgery in People's Hospital of Changzhi City were selected as the study group,and another 600 indi-viduals without ocular diseases were selected as the control group.The risk factors for cataracts were analyzed.Then,the study group was randomly divided into routine intervention subgroup and health education subgroup,with 300 patients in each sub-group.Both subgroups were treated with levofloxacin eye drops.The routine intervention subgroup received routine interven-tion,while the health education subgroup received health education interventions on the basis of the routine intervention sub-group.Quality of life,negative emotions(anxiety and depression),compliance and complication were compared between the two subgroups.Results Multivariate analysis showed that age,daily sunlight exposure time,diabetes history,physical activi-ty,living environment,high myopia,hypertension and income were all related to senile cataract(P＜0.05).Three months af-ter surgery,the Low Vision Quality of Life(LVQOL)score of the health education subgroup was higher than that of the rou-tine intervention subgroup(P＜0.05),and the scores of Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)were lower than those of the routine intervention subgroup(P＜0.05).The compliance rate of the health education subgroup was higher than that of the routine intervention subgroup(P＜0.05).The incidence of complications in the health education subgroup was lower than that in the routine intervention subgroup(P＜0.05).Conclusion The risk factors for senile cataract may include age,sunlight exposure,diabetes,level,etc.The health education can improve the quality of life in patients after IOL implantation surgery,alleviate negative emotion,enhance compliance,and reduce the occurrence of complication.