不同年龄组人群中血管衰老与代谢风险因素关系的差异分析

Analysis of differences in the relationship between vascular aging and metabolic risk factors across different age groups

中文关键词: 血管衰老  代谢  风险因素  年龄分层  老龄化

英文关键词: vascular aging  metabolism  risk factors  age stratification  population aging

中文摘要:

      目的 探讨不同年龄组人群血管衰老与代谢风险因素的关系.方法 收集 2023 年 6 月至 2025 年 2 月标准化血管衰老管理中心纳入的 668 例研究对象,根据年龄分为<55 岁组(n=202)、55～64 岁组(n=237)、≥65 岁组(n=229).收集受试者人口学数据并进行人体代谢指标测定,比较不同年龄组人群肱-踝脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)、血流介导的血管舒张功能(FMD),并对血管衰老程度进行分期.结合代谢风险因素进行不同年龄组的差异分析.结果 不同年龄组人群性别、身高、体重、收缩压、脉压、长期居住地、文化程度、体重减轻及疲劳差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).与<55岁组相比,55～64 岁组患者 baPWV、上下肢收缩压及平均压升高,FMD 降低;≥65 岁组 baPWV、上下肢收缩压及平均压进一步升高,且血管衰老3 期构成比达40.61%(93/229),FMD 进一步下降(P<0.05).不同年龄组患者高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、冠心病及缺血性脑卒中等构成比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).随着年龄增长,体重指数、腰围、小腿围及臀围逐渐下降,甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、细胞内水分、去脂体重、四肢及躯干肌肉量和基础代谢率均降低,而细胞外水分百分比升高(P<0.05).不同年龄组在吸烟、饮酒、体力活动、睡眠时长、药物使用(降压、降糖、调脂)方面的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 年龄与血管衰老及代谢风险密切相关,老年人群体面临较高的血管健康风险,需加强对高龄人群的健康监测与干预.

英文摘要:

      Objective To investigate the relationship between vascular aging and metabolic risk factors across different age groups.Methods A total of 668 participants enrolled in a standardized vascular aging management center from June 2023 to February2025 were included.They were divided into three age groups:<55 years group(n=202),55-64 years group(n=237),and≥65 years group(n=229).Their demographic data were collected,and metabolic indicators were measured.Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV)and flow-mediated dilation(FMD)were compared among the three groups,and the stage of vascular aging was assessed.Differences across different age groups were analyzed based on metabolic risk factors.Results There were statistically significant differences among the three groups in gender,height,weight,systolic blood pressure,pulse pressure,long-term residence,education level,weight loss,and fatigue(P<0.05).Compared with the<55 years group,the 55-64 years group showed higher baPWV,upper and lower limb systolic blood pressure,and mean arterial pressure,as well as lower FMD.The≥65 years group demonstrated further increases in above indices,with 40.61%(93/229)of participants classified as stage 3 vascular aging,and further decreased FMD(P<0.05).The proportions of patients with hypertension,diabetes,dyslipidemia,coronary heart disease,and ischemic stroke were significantly different among the three age groups(P<0.05).With advancing age,body mass index,waist circumference,calf circumference,and hip circumference gradually decreased;levels of triglycerides,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,intracellular water,lean body mass,limb and trunk muscle mass,and basal metabolic rate also decreased,whereas extracellular water percentage increased(P<0.05).Significant differences were also observed among the three age groups in smoking,alcohol consumption,physical activity,sleep duration,and medication use(antihypertensive,hypoglycemic,and lipid-lowering drugs)(P<0.05).Conclusion Age is closely associated with vascular aging and metabolic risks.The elderly population faces a higher risk of vascular health problems,and it is necessary to strengthen health monitoring and intervention for the elderly.